Macro Focusing
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 Tokina AT X AF 100mm Internal Focus F 28 Macro Lens for Nikon Just Serviced $359.99 Time Remaining: 28d 18h 30m Buy It Now for only: $359.99 |
 Canon 50mm f25 Combact Macro EF Auto Focus $152.50 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 4h 31m |
 VIVATAR 75 205 138 MC MACRO FOCUSING ZOOM 062MM LENSE $18.50 Time Remaining: 35m |
 Canon FD Zoom Lens 70 210mm f40 Macro Manual Focus With Caps Clean $60.00 Time Remaining: 28d 17h 17m Buy It Now for only: $60.00 |
 Albinar ADG Multi Coated Macro Focus Zoom 80 200mm F39 35mm Camera SLR $4.99 Time Remaining: 48m |
 TAMRON SP70 210mm VERY RARE MODEL 19AH 135 CONSTANT FOCUS TELE MACRO ZOOM MINT $61.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 3h 42m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube for CANON EOS EF EF S $58.50 Time Remaining: 26d 9h 38m Buy It Now for only: $58.50 |
 VIVITAR TELEPHOTO LENSE 70 210MM 145 MC MACRO FOCUSING ZOOM MINOLTA $15.55 Time Remaining: 1h 30m Buy It Now for only: $38.88 |
 Nikon Nikkor 35 70mm f 28 D AF Macro Zoom Auto Focus Lens Nice $249.99 Time Remaining: 4d 16h 10m |
 58mm Macro Close Up +4 Filter 58 mm Close Up No4 Filter Nearly Your Shoot Focus $3.50 Time Remaining: 23d 14h 44m Buy It Now for only: $3.50 |
 AI Tokina AT X 28 mm 85 mm F 35 45 Close Focus macro For Nikon $25.00 Time Remaining: 2h 48m Buy It Now for only: $45.00 |
 PROMASTER LD 70 300MM TELE MACRO LENS AF AUTO FOCUS FOR CANON REBEL OTHERS $58.00 Time Remaining: 3d 1h 31m Buy It Now for only: $64.00 |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube For NIKON AF AF S DX FX $59.10 Time Remaining: 26d 9h 38m Buy It Now for only: $59.10 |
 VIVITAR 2X MACRO FOCUSING TELECONVERTER MC N AI L12 $59.00 Time Remaining: 4h 3m |
 Metal Mount Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube for CANON $76.99 Time Remaining: 16d 6h 12m Buy It Now for only: $76.99 |
 VIVITAR 28 105mm 128 38 Macro Focusing Zoom Lens w Caps Case $14.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 17h 59m |
 Exakta Steinheil Munchen Macro Quinon f19 55mm Manual Focus Lens $210.00 (16 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 22h 16m |
 Vivitar Series 1 Camera Lens 70 210 mm 135 Macro Focusing Auto Zoom 22402540 $40.00 Time Remaining: 28d 15h 42m Buy It Now for only: $40.00 |
 Promaster 100 300mm TELE MACRO Auto Focus Zoom Lens Canon EOS Mount hood cap $26.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 20h 25m |
 Exakta Steinheil Munchen Macro Quinaron f28 35mm Manual Focus Lens $205.00 (19 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 23h 1m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube Set 13 21 31 L9A Canon $43.34 Time Remaining: 18d 8h 46m Buy It Now for only: $43.34 |
 Vivitar 2X Macro Focusing Teleconverter for Pentax Manual K A Mount w Contacts $10.45 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 19h 10m |
 SMC Pentax A 35 105mm f 35 Manual Focus Zoom Lens with Macro Super $9.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 4d 1h 11m |
 Auto Focus AF Macro Extension Tube for Nikon D90 D60 D50 AF AF S DX FX Lens $69.79 Time Remaining: 2d 8h 52m Buy It Now for only: $69.79 |
 Vivitar 35 105mm 132 4 MC Macro Focusing Zoom with Canon FD mount $25.00 Time Remaining: 3h 27m Buy It Now for only: $75.00 |
 Leica M L M mount lens to Fujifilm X Pro1 adapter FX with Macro Focus Helicoid $128.00 Time Remaining: 28d 5h 36m Buy It Now for only: $128.00 |
 Zoom Nikkor 100mm 300mm f 56 MACRO Ai S Manual Focus Nikon Lens mint $179.99 Time Remaining: 1d 15h 13m Buy It Now for only: $199.99 |
 Albinar ADG 28mm 1 28 Macro Focus Lens $4.95 Time Remaining: 4d 16h 13m |
 AF Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube For NIKON AF AF S DX FX $53.00 Time Remaining: 16h 13m Buy It Now for only: $53.00 |
 Exakta Mount Steinheil Munchen Macro S Tele Quinar f28 135mm Manual Focus Lens $137.50 (14 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 23h 7m |
 50mm f 35 Minolta Macro Lens MD Manual Focus Mint Condition $27.00 (3 Bids) Time Remaining: 5d 7h 51m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube for Nikon D80 D90 D7000 $57.90 Time Remaining: 5d 10h 27m Buy It Now for only: $57.90 |
 VIVITAR 2X MACRO FOCUSING TELECONVERTER MC M MD USED LENS LENS20 $61.00 Time Remaining: 6h 41m |
 Minolta Sony A Fit 35 105mm f35 45 Auto Focus Lens AF Macro Zoom $12.64 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 19h 1m |
 Zeikos ZE CVAFN Auto Focus Macro Extension Tubes for Nikon $65.00 Time Remaining: 18d 4h 2m Buy It Now for only: $65.00 |
 Soligor 80 200 f45 macro focusing zoom for Canon FD fits Panasonic Micro 4 3 $0.99 Time Remaining: 3d 23h 7m |
 Albinar ADG MC Auto Zoom Macro 35 48 35 70mm lens for Minolta manual focus $17.00 Time Remaining: 3h 49m |
 Auto Focus AF Macro Extension Tube for CANON EOS 450D 550D 600D 5D 7DEF EF S $43.34 Time Remaining: 4d 2h 18m Buy It Now for only: $43.34 |
 Canon 50 mm Compact Macro Lens F 25 Lens Auto Focus $50.00 Time Remaining: 6d 17h 33m |
 Auto Focus AF Macro Extension Tube ABS Set 13 20 36 for Sony SLR cameras w Cap $69.45 Time Remaining: 16d 4h 34m Buy It Now for only: $69.45 |
 Zoom Nikkor 28 85mm f 35 45s MACRO Ai S Manual Focus Nikon Lens mint $179.99 Time Remaining: 1d 15h 11m Buy It Now for only: $199.99 |
 Vivitar 28 70 mm 135 48 MC Macro Focusing Zoom 52 mm Film Camera Lense $0.99 Time Remaining: 2d 18h 11m |
 Fotomate 250mm Movable Range 2 Way Macro Focusing Rail Slider 1 4 Screw LP03 $22.99 Time Remaining: 23d 10h 24m Buy It Now for only: $22.99 |
 Vivitar Macro Focusing Zoom Lens 70 210mm $39.59 Time Remaining: 1d 13h 5m |
 VIVITAR 28 70MM F 39 48 MACRO FOCUSING ZOOM LENS $14.99 Time Remaining: 1d 23h 16m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube FOR Nikon SLR Camera $75.00 Time Remaining: 8d 8h 48m Buy It Now for only: $75.00 |
 RARE Vivitar Series 1l 28 105mm f 28 38 VMC Macro Focusing Lens for Nikon LK $99.00 Time Remaining: 4d 2h 50m |
 Vivitar Macro Focusing Zoom 70 210mm f145 lens with caps and soft case $9.99 Time Remaining: 3d 2h 39m |
 MANUAL FOCUS MACRO EXTENSION TUBE SET FOR MINOLTA MAXXUM AND SONY ALPHA $29.25 Time Remaining: 5d 23h 53m Buy It Now for only: $29.25 |
 MINOLTA MAXXUM 75 200MM AUTO FOCUS MULTI COATED MACRO ZOOM LENS $49.99 Time Remaining: 1d 1h 27m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube For NIKON AF AF S L8E $49.97 Time Remaining: 22d 7h 6m Buy It Now for only: $49.97 |
 VIVITAR 70 150mm F38 MACRO FOCUSING zoom for Olympus OM Mount SLR Cameras $15.99 Time Remaining: 2d 15h 9m |
 Vivitar 70 200mm 138 Macro Focusing Zoom Camera Lens O OM mount + 58mm Filter $21.75 Time Remaining: 6h 34m Buy It Now for only: $23.99 |
 Vivitar 28 200mm Lens Macro Focusing Zoom Photography $29.99 Time Remaining: 10d 19h 34m Buy It Now for only: $29.99 |
 CANON FD MOUNT VIVITAR 2X MACRO FOCUSING EXTENDER EXCELLENT CONDITION W CASE $25.00 Time Remaining: 3d 22h 37m Buy It Now for only: $35.00 |
 Albinar Adg Macro Focus Zoom 80 200mm F39 Lens for Minolta MD Box Instructions $9.99 Time Remaining: 1d 2h 20m |
 EXCELLENT Vivitar 70 210 35 VMC Series1 macro focus $49.99 Time Remaining: 7d 20h 37m Buy It Now for only: $49.99 |
 Vivitar Macro Focusing Zoom 70 205mm 138 Camera Lens $24.99 Time Remaining: 1d 2h 5m |
 Canon 35 70mm f35 45 FD Macro Zoom Manual Focus Lens w original Box Ex Cond $34.99 Time Remaining: 4d 3h 24m |
 AF Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube for CANON EOS EF EF S $48.50 Time Remaining: 16d 17h 37m Buy It Now for only: $48.50 |
 Nikon Nikkor 35 105mm f35 45 Lens AF zoom Auto Focus Macro w HB2 Hood Mint $214.90 Time Remaining: 4d 18h 40m |
 VIVITAR 70 210MM 145 MC MACRO FOCUSING ZOOM LENS P K A $35.00 Time Remaining: 2d 19h 4m |
 Vivitar 70 210mm f 45 manual focus zoom lens w macro MD mount for Micro 4 3 $30.00 Time Remaining: 29d 12h 35m Buy It Now for only: $30.00 |
 Olympus OM Vivitar 28 135mm f 35 45 MC Macro Focusing Zoom In Box Needs Help $5.00 Time Remaining: 4d 19h 59m Buy It Now for only: $9.95 |
 Econo Auto Macro Focus Extension Tube for Nikon D7000 $57.90 Time Remaining: 21d 4h 57m Buy It Now for only: $57.90 |
 Vivitar 28 85mm Macro Focusing Zoom Lens $0.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 5d 17h 43m |
 VIVITAR 70 210MM 145 MC MACRO FOCUSING ZOOM LENS FOR PENTAX $35.00 Time Remaining: 2d 14h 53m |
 Lens Bellows For Canon and Macro Focusing Slide Rail $81.44 Time Remaining: 28d 1h 23m Buy It Now for only: $81.44 |
 Vivitar Macro Focusing Zoom Lens $10.00 Time Remaining: 3d 6h 19m |
 QUANTARAY AUTOMATIC COMPACT ZOOM LENS MACRO FOCUSING 85 210MM F38 $9.95 Time Remaining: 1d 15h 52m |
 Auto Focus Macro Extension Tube Ring For Canon EOS $90.00 Time Remaining: 25d 15h 53m Buy It Now for only: $90.00 |
 Vivitar 70 210 f45 macro focusing zoom for Canon FD fits Panasonic Micro 4 3 $0.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 3d 22h 2m |
 Vivitar 35 105mm 132 4 MC Macro Focusing Zoom Lens $19.99 Time Remaining: 21h 30m Buy It Now for only: $29.99 |
 Fotomate 200mm Movable Range 2 Way Macro Focusing Rail Slider 1 4 Screw LP02 $18.89 Time Remaining: 26d 6h 5m Buy It Now for only: $18.89 |
 Attractive Vivitar 28 70MM 135 45 Macro Zoom Lens in Canon Manual Focus Mount $9.95 Time Remaining: 4d 3h 7m |
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Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4.0-5.6 IS Telephoto Zoom Lens for Canon Digital SLR Cameras
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DescriptionBring your photographic subjects closer with this Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS Image Stabilizer Telephoto Zoom Lens. It is designed with Canon's Optical Image Stabilizer technology and is compact and light... |
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Nikon 35mm f/1.8G AF-S DX Lens for Nikon Digital SLR Cameras
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DescriptionThe AF-S DX NIKKOR 35mm f/1.8G optical design allows a different look and feel to images taken with zoom lenses, and its dimensions are ideal for discrete snapshots and landscape shooting with a picture angle that approximates that of the human eye... |
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Canon EF 50mm f1.4 USM Standard & Medium Telephoto Lens for Canon SLR Cameras
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Description50mm standard lens with f/1.4 maximum aperture for Canon SLR cameras 2 high-refraction lens elements and Gaussian optics help eliminate astigmatism Delivers crisp images with little flare at the maximum aperture Extra-small Micro USM focus adjustment and full-time manual focusing Measures 2... |
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Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills
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DescriptionPacked with examples, illustrations, and proven learning experiences from the field, DIRECT SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE: THEORY AND SKILLS, Eighth Edition prepares social work students for effective real-world practice... |
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Pro-Poor Growth: Cross Country analysis focusing on South Asia: Transforming macro-economic policies pro-poor
Sale Price: $67.00 |
DescriptionThe relationship between growth, poverty and inequality has become central in development economics due to its significance for poverty reduction. Two school of thoughts emerge, pro-growth and pro-distribution... |
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Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 14-42mm f/3.5-5.6 Lens for Olympus Digital SLR Cameras
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DescriptionSO)OLYMPUS 14-42MM F3.5-5.6 ED LENS |
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ATN Camera adapter CA6 for MK350 MK390 MK410 Model number ACWSCA06.
Sale Price: $59.00 |
DescriptionATN Camera Adapter 6 Item Description The ATN Camera Adapter 6 allows you to record night vision images with a still or video camera. One side attaches to the night vision eyepiece with the help of the set screws... |
Digital Camera Basics-Resolution, Exposure, Focus, And Storage
Resolution
The amount of detail that a camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or "grainy." High-end consumer cameras can capture over 12 million pixels. Some professional cameras support over 16 million pixels (megapixels), or 20 million pixels for large-format cameras. For comparison, it has been estimated that the quality of 35mm film is about 20 million pixels.
Exposure and Focus
Just as with film, a digital camera has to control the amount of light that reaches the sensor. The two components it uses to do this, the aperture and shutter speed, are also present on conventional cameras.
Aperture: The size of the opening in the camera. The aperture is automatic in most digital cameras, but some allow manual adjustment to give professionals and hobbyists more control over the final image.
Shutter speed: The amount of time that light can pass through the aperture. Unlike film, the light sensor in a digital camera can be reset electronically, so digital cameras have a digital shutter rather than a mechanical shutter.
These two aspects work together to capture the amount of light needed to make a good image. In photographic terms, they set the exposure of the sensor.
In addition to controlling the amount of light, the camera has to adjust the lenses to control how the light is focused on the sensor. In general, the lenses on digital cameras are very similar to conventional camera lenses -- some digital cameras can even use conventional lenses. Most use automatic focusing techniques.
The focal length, however, is one important difference between the lens of a digital camera and the lens of a 35mm camera. The focal length is the distance between the lens and the surface of the sensor. Sensors from different manufacturers vary widely in size, but in general they're smaller than a piece of 35mm film. In order to project the image onto a smaller sensor, the focal length is shortened by the same proportion.
Focal length also determines the magnification, or zoom, when you look through the camera. In 35mm cameras, a 50mm lens gives a natural view of the subject. Increasing the focal length increases the magnification, and objects appear to get closer. The reverse happens when decreasing the focal length. A zoom lens is any lens that has an adjustable focal length, and digital cameras can have optical or digital zoom -- some have both. Some cameras also have macro focusing capability, meaning that the camera can take pictures from very close to the subject.
Digital cameras have one of four types of lenses:
1) Fixed-focus, fixed-zoom lenses - These are the kinds of lenses on disposable and inexpensive film cameras -- inexpensive and great for snapshots, but fairly limited.
2) Optical-zoom lenses with automatic focus - Similar to the lens on a video camcorder, these have "wide" and "telephoto" options and automatic focus. The camera may or may not support manual focus. These actually change the focal length of the lens rather than just magnifying the information that hits the sensor.
3) Digital-zoom lenses - With digital zoom, the camera takes pixels from the center of the image sensor and interpolates (alters) them to make a full-sized image. Depending on the resolution of the image and the sensor, this approach may create a grainy or fuzzy image. You can manually do the same thing with image processing software -- simply snap a picture, cut out the center and magnify it.
4) Replaceable lens systems - These are similar to the replaceable lenses on a 35mm camera. Some digital cameras can use 35mm camera lenses.
Storage of Images
Most digital cameras have an LCD screen so you can view your picture right away. This is one of the great advantages of a digital camera -- you get immediate feedback on what you capture. Of course, viewing the image on your camera would lose its charm if that's all you could do. You want to be able to load the picture into your computer or send it directly to a printer. There are several ways to do this.
Although most of today's cameras are capable of connecting through serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, or FireWire connections, they usually also use some sort of removable storage device. Digital cameras use a number of storage systems. These are like reusable, digital film, and they use a caddy or card reader to transfer the data to a computer. Many involve fixed or removable flash memory. Digital camera manufacturers often develop their own proprietary flash memory devices, including SmartMedia cards, CompactFlash cards and Memory Sticks. Other removable storage device include floppy disks, hard disks (external, or microdrives), and writeable CD's and DVD's.
Regardless of what type of storage they use, all digital cameras need lots of room for pictures. They usually store images in one of two formats -- TIFF, which is uncompressed, and JPEG, which is compressed. Most cameras use the JPEG file format for storing pictures, and they sometimes offer quality settings (such as medium or high).
To make the most of their storage space, almost all digital cameras use some sort of additional data compression to make the files smaller. One compression routine takes advantage of patterns that repeat. The image can be reconstructed exactly as it was recorded, reducing the file size no more than 50%, often much less. Another compression routine called irrelevancy eliminates some of the more meaningless data, taking advantage of the fact that digital cameras record more information than the human eye can easily detect.
About the Author
By Brian Lee
Harvey Discovers Macro Focus & Ruins It